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La viabilité de la dette et l’équilibre entre l’offre et la demande d’actifs ont fait l’objet d’une attention soutenue, la France, les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et le Japon étant tous confrontés à de graves problèmes. Si l’accumulation de la dette publique mondiale n’est sans aucun doute pas une nouveauté, le glissement actuel vers une situation de dominance budgétaire tire la sonnette d’alarme pour les investisseurs obligataires.
Le Japon a réussi à gérer son expansion démographique et son endettement, principalement grâce à des taux d’intérêt extrêmement bas et à la vigueur de sa demande intérieure, conjugués à un vaste programme d’assouplissement quantitatif qui a abouti à une situation où la BoJ détient plus de 50 % du marché japonais des obligations d’État. Ce qui est différent aujourd’hui c’est que les taux d’intérêt ne sont plus à leur plus bas niveau, que l’inflation reste élevée dans les économies développées, et que toute initiative visant à intensifier les programmes d’assouplissement quantitatif entraînera une dépréciation de la devise et donc de nouvelles pressions inflationnistes.
La qualité du crédit sous-jacent devient de plus en plus importante dans la négociation d’obligations souveraines mondiales, en particulier à l’extrémité longue de la courbe. Les investisseurs devraient privilégier les États dont l’endettement net est plus faible, qui font preuve de retenue du point de vue budgétaire, et qui disposent de régimes de retraite bien capitalisés. L’Australie se distingue particulièrement sur ces indicateurs, et son crédit noté AAA offre un rendement d’environ 5 %, ce qui est à notre avis un achat tout à fait convaincant.

Source : FMI, avril 2025.
À l’échelle nationale, la Banque de réserve d’Australie (RBA) semble avoir peu de marge de manœuvre pour davantage d’assouplissement.

Source : Bloomberg, du 18 septembre 2015 au 31 août 2025.
1. Australian National Accounts : Revenu, dépenses et produit intérieurs, juin 2025 | Australian Bureau of Statistics
2. Statistics Canada, 2025.
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